3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is considered a solution to confront both labor shortages and material waste in the construction industry. However, to realize non-standard, large-scale buildings, substantial amounts of supporting material and manual assembly are still required to print structures with significant overhangs. In response, the study draws inspiration from mushroom lamellae and proposes a geometry-based approach to adjusting the large-overhang shape into a self-supported one. This approach imitates lamella morphology by creating folds on the given geometry based on constraints established through empirical studies, thereby reducing overhangs and improving printability.

The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through the generation and printing of four column capital samples. Upon evaluating the overhang mechanisms of these geometries, an approachable optimization method is also presented to further minimize the amplitude of lamellae while maintaining self-supporting ability. Compared with control groups that focus on either maximizing printability or minimizing material usage, the optimal result showcases an over 75% overhang reduction on the critical layer with just about 15% use of additional material.

Various large-scale structure examples are presented at the end of the research, illustrating the applicability and scalability of the lamella-inspired method in a wider range of building types. The proposed method facilitate the creation of large overhang concrete shapes through a simple and repetitive construction process, thereby enabling 3D printing technology to embrace both productivity and sustainability in handling non-standard geometries.